Prostatitis: causes, provoking factors, methods of treatment

The prostate gland synthesizesimmunoglobulins, regulate the consistency of semen with the help of certain secretions, regulate the process of urination and ejaculation. The penetration of pathogens into the cavities of these organs provokes prostatitis - inflammation that occurs in an acute or chronic form.

Causes and mechanisms of development of this disease

Prostatitis begins with the penetration and reproduction of pathogenic agents into the organ cavity. These are extracellular pathogens or their own microflora from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes:

• colibacillus;
• Proteus;
• enterococcus;
• staphylococcus;
• enterobacter;
• Pneumococcus.

If there is an STD or infectious disease in the internal organs, the following can penetrate into the lumen of the prostate gland:

• pale treponema;
• ureaplasma;
• Trichomonas;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• bacillus from Koch.

In the prostate, pathogenic flora is carried up from the urethra. Less often - through the bloodstream or with the flow of lymph from an infected organ. A number of provoking factors affect the rate of disease progression and the intensity of symptoms:

• anomalies in the structure of the bladder neck;
• urethral tension;
• as a result of postoperative catheterization;
• decreased immunity against the background of chronic and systemic diseases, hypothermia, physical exertion, hard work;
• violation of blood and lymph flow in the pelvic area;
• untidy or irregular sex life.

An active blood supply and a moist closed environment in the prostate cavity induce unimpeded reproduction of pathogens. The secretions produced by the glands thicken, their outflow is interrupted. Infiltration gradually accumulates in the lumen, inflammation progresses.

The course of acute prostatitis

Primary inflammation usually develops acutely. On average, patients feel their clinical signs 5-7 days after infection. The symptoms are obvious, it is impossible not to notice them:

• strong persistent pain in the perineal area, radiating to the scrotum, penis, anus;
• diuresis disorders: frequent, painful urination, false cravings, slow cloudy urine flow, intermittent:
• serous or purulent discharge from the urethra with an unpleasant odor;
• general intoxication: chills, sharp increase in body temperature, physical weakness, weakness.

A large number of people with acute prostatitis suffer from sexual dysfunction. Irritation is not present at all, or does not cause normal erections and the ability to have sexual intercourse. Semen may contain pus or blood.

Symptoms of bacterial prostatitis depend on morphological changes and the stage of the disease:

• Catarrhal inflammation, which develops initially, affects the ducts of the organs and leads to the appearance of dull pain. Fever is usually absent, the state of health is generally satisfactory.
• The inflammatory process captures one or both lobes of the gland - follicular prostatitis takes place. Tissue swells, the number of infiltrates in the lumen increases. The pain persisted, increasing with movement. Difficulty urinating.
• Parenchymal levels occur when the entire body of the prostate is affected. Bladder and rectal function is difficult due to strong compression by the inflamed and swollen glandular wall. The pain in the perineum became unbearable. Purulent and bloody impurities appear in the urine, body temperature rises to 39 ° C and above.

Delays in treatment give rise to chronic diseases. Complications may occur: obstruction of the urethral canal, fistulas, abscesses, pyelonephritis, sepsis.

Chronic prostatitis

It develops from acute untreated, but more often develops as an independent disease. Slow inflammation is caused by an inadequate immune response to the penetration of infection, a small number of pathogenic microorganisms, or the aseptic nature of the disease. In the latter case, the pathology is provoked by stagnation of secretions, disturbances in the structure of prostate tissue, patency of its ducts.

Signs of intoxication and severe pain in chronic bacterial prostatitis occur only with exacerbation. During the period of latency, the disease manifests itself with periodic urinary disturbances and physical discomfort. The urge to use the toilet occurs more often at night, after being in the cold. Diuresis is sometimes accompanied by a slight burning sensation. Erectile dysfunction is common.

Chronic prostatitis can last for years on a regular basis. The long -term course leads to the formation of fibrous areas in the parenchyma, provoking the development of impotence, infertility, and oncological tumors.

How to diagnose and treat prostatitis

If you suspect the development of prostate inflammation, you should contact a urologist. The presumptive diagnosis was confirmed by bacterial cultures of glandular secretions. If it is impossible to get it, smear examination of the urethra, urine samples, semen are examined. In addition to sowing bacteria, blood and urine tests are examined, prostate ultrasound is performed.

Treatment of acute infectious prostatitis is performed in a clinical setting in the Department of Urology.

• The main focus is on suppressing pathogens, relieving inflammation and preventing complications. The patient was given antibiotics. Injections of drugs from the tetracycline group, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones or penicillins are used, depending on the infection causing the disease. Duration of therapy: from a few days to 2-4 weeks.
• To restore urinary function and relieve acute symptoms, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory painkillers, and antispasmodics are comprehensively prescribed.
• Special therapy is complemented by a supply of vitamins and minerals, immunomodulators.

In the early stages, the uncomplicated inflammation heals completely.

Chronic prostatitis does not require hospitalization. The patient underwent antibiotic therapy at home, observing the necessary restrictions.

In parallel, it is necessary to undergo treatment for possible provoking diseases: bronchitis, pyelonephritis, cholecystitis, genitourinary infections.

The main treatment without exacerbations is equipped with physiotherapeutic methods: ultrasound procedures, magnetotherapy, laser exposure.

During the period of therapy, alcohol, hot spices, marinades, pickles, fatty foods, canned and smoked must be excluded. It is recommended to include in the diet of fresh ingredients, vegetables, nuts, fish, lean meats.

The success of treatment of the chronic form in each case depends on the duration of the disease, the damage of existing organic tissues, the corresponding disturbances in the function of the kidneys and bladder.